Explain and discuss Erikson and James Marcia's view of adolescent Research Paper

Explain and discuss Erikson and James Marcia's view of adolescent identity development - Research Paper Example The adolescent stage is named as â€Å"identity vs. role diffusion / fidelity†. Identity and identity crisis are phrases that embrace the notion of conflict in the comatose mind of an individual. This is a stage where children decide their identity and role. The child wants to discover his ego and self-assurance. It is worrying when he fails to settle in a particular environment. One’s friends and peers who fundamentally belong to diverse social groups now become more significant and powerful to him than his parents. In the words of Eriksson, the concept of identity develops may be expressed as follows – â€Å"Maybe the fact that I am immigrant to this country made me feel that the problem of identity holds a central position in the disturbances we encounter today. In other words, fully developed genitality is not a goal to be pursued in isolation.† (Evans, 1965, p. 29) Erikson observes that examination dwells at the center of the development of this stage . Identity crisis is the chief difficulty the individual deals with and therefore a rebuilding of one’s character is essential at this stage. According to Erikson, the detection of identity during one’s adolescence is also complemented by variations in one’s ego level and ability to cope with situations. The other symptoms include â€Å"subjective discomfort, confusion, mood swings, ego defenses, impulsivity, acting-out, and heightened physical and somatic complaints† (Kidwell, Dunham, Bacho, Patorino and Portes, 1995). Therefore the individual undergoing transition process is vulnerable at this stage owing to the challenges he faces. Under this circumstance, an individual undergoes â€Å"split of one’s image, loss of center and a dispersion† (Kidwell, Dunham, Bacho, Patorino and Portes, 1995). This crisis of identity is one of the most complex conflict one faces during his teenage when an individual thrives for identity development against confusion of his

Advantage And Disadvantages Of Fixed Wing Versus Rotor Wing Engineering Essay

Advantage And Disadvantages Of Fixed Wing Versus Rotor Wing Engineering Essay Since 1919, law enforcement agencies have used fixed wing and rotor wing aircrafts to assist in enforcing the law. In 2007, data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics showed that large law enforcement departments provided aerial enforcement in the District of Columbia and 46 states. There were 295 airplanes and 604 helicopters being operated, which flew more than 330,000 missions. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/aullea07.pdf The types of airplane that are used by law enforcement are Cessna 182, Cessna 206, Pilatus PC-12 Spectres, P-3 Orions, Citations, Learjets, Gulfstream jets, King Air 350s and 200s and some larger airliner-type aircraft. Some of the helicopters used are the American Euro-copter EC120/130/145, AStar AS350/355N/350 B2, Dolphin HH-65C, Blackhawk UH-60, Maverick, Raven II R44, Cayuse OH-6 and McDonnell Douglas MD 600. The types of missions these aircrafts conduct are surveillance, drug interdiction, fugitive searches, routine patrol or support, search and res cue, personnel transport, prisoner transport, SWAT operation, traffic enforcement, speed enforcement, homeland security, photographic, medical support and evacuation. Both types of aircrafts have their advantages and disadvantages in airborne law enforcement. http://www.kansas.com/2010/08/01/1427779/aviation-sees-growth-in-law-enforcement.html. The advantages that a helicopter has over an airplane are that they can land and take off without the need for run ways. Their airfoil shape rotors are like the wings of an airplane, as the rotor spins, air flow faster over the tops of the blades than it does under, thus creating lift for flight. Their unique rotor design allows for them to takeoff vertically, fly in any direction including sideways, backwards and hover over an area. Their ability to hover provides coverage for the ground units on the street and if needed land to assist in foot pursuits. They can be equipped with a winch for the purpose of lowering or picking up personnel or equipments on the ground, at sea or on mountains during a search and rescue mission, where there is no place to land . They are better able to maneuver around tall structures at lower altitudes. manhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J0112389/helicopters.htm. On 14 November 2008, San Diego Police Department ABLE helicopter used the FLIR camera to catch a man facing murder charges for beating another with a crutch in the middle of the street. http://www.policeone.com/police-products/tactical/night-vision/videos/5954944-police-helicopter-catches-bizarre-street-fight-on-flir-camera On 30, January 3013 the NYPD police helicopter rescues a shipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s captain who was having a heart attack. A dramatic nighttime helicopter rescue in New Yeark Harbor may have saved the life of a shipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s captain. Police say they received a call Tuesday night that the captain of the Panamanian cargo ship Grey Shark was having a heart attack. The NYPD harbor medical team stabilized the 60 year old captain before calling the help of a police helicopter. A basket was lowered to hoist him up into the chopper, which then flew him to Staten Island University Hospital North. He was listed in stable condition. http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/176246/police-helicopter-rescues-ship-captain-who-was-having-a-heart-attack The helicopters are force multipliers for ground units, because they can monitor the tactical environment, give alerts or observe things which the ground units are unable to detect. Additionally, they can respond and cover ground more quickly than ground units. The flight deck of a helicopter can be equipped with multiple electronic equipments. Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) also know as glass cockpit that provides flight and system information to the crew, Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera allows the crew to see images created from infrared energy, moving map system show their location, satellite phones provide direct communication, dig ital video downlink gives real time images, night vision goggles can be used in low light situation if needed, loudspeakers for communication or message deliver to the ground, tear gas dispensers, police and aviation radios . Disadvantages helicopters are that they cost more to operate and maintain. A fully equipped helicopter can cost from $500,000 to $3 million and the flying costs ranges from $200 to $400 per hour. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-09-30-cophelicopters_N.htm Maintenance, fuel, leasing and financing cost are three times then the cost to operate and maintain airplanes. Due to its abilities to fly lower and hover over areas it creates lots of noise and is easily detectable. The capacities of passengers that a helicopter can carry are limited. The Robinson RA-44 can carry 2 to 4 personnel and others like the Blackhawk UH-60 can carry 11 personnel or the Bell UH-1 that can be configured to carry 15 personnel. The general commercial helicopters used by t he law enforcement agencies have a flight time of two to four hours, with top speed from 50 to 200 knots and an average range of about 200 miles. The operations of fixed wing aircraft have some advantages over rotor wing aircrafts in law enforcement. They can perform a wide range of missions which requires them to stay airborne longer then a rotor wing aircraft is able to. Fix wing aircraft can carry more payloads and engine performances are great then those of rotor wing aircrafts. Aero surveillance, homeland security, speed enforcement and transport of people or gear are mostly the missions performed. http://www.lawofficer.com/article/patrol/fixed-wing-aircraft-law-enforc They are equipped with a variety of high tech equipments just as their rotor wing counterparts. The cabins are pressurized and allow for higher altitude flights. They can perform surveillance 5,000 ft to 6,000 ft and not be undetected. The average costs to maintain and operate a fixed wing aircraft per flight is about $54 for maintenance and $45 for fuel compared to a rotor wing aircraft. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/aullea07.pdf The Custom Border Patrolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s P-3 AEW Orion airplane has a large fuel capacity of 60,000 lbs; flight time up to 10 to 13 hours, maximum range at low altitude is 2,500 NM and at high altitude 3,800 NM. Average cruising speed is 300 to 330 knots. It can carry a crew of 12 to 21 personnel. Normal crew consists of four systems operators, three pilots, two flight engineers and three maintenance crew members. This aircraft is integration with the E-2 Hawkeye aircraft radar system, which allows for it to see 200 NM in all directions. They coordinate and direct Navy and Coast Guard ship and aircrafts to the location of drug smuggling boats or planes. Primary mission are interdiction, over water operations, surveillance and homeland security. The use of this aircraft between the Jacksonville, Florida and the Texas office have contributed to the cap ture and seizure of 50 metric tons of drugs worth a roughly about 2 Billion dollars. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqCtrB_FZvE Fixed wing light sport aircraft generally cost between $60,000 and $130,000 to purchase and $50 per hour to fuel and maintain. They can fly at wide range of speeds of 35 to 125 knots making them an excellent platform for performing a broad range of law enforcement missions. It can carry up to 500 lbs and travel twice as far as a helicopter could. http://nij.gov/nij/topics/law-enforcement/operations/aviation/types-of-aircraft.htm The disadvantages of fix winged aircrafts are they require a runway to take off and land, assembling of the flight crew, delay on taking off due to congestion at airport, unable to see the other side of the aircraft. They cannot monitor the tactical environment very well and or unable to alerts or observe things which the ground units are unable to detect. Unable to land and assist with foot pursuits, canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t hover, t he aircraft is not equipped with rescue winch. http://www.usafp.org/op_med/fldmedopns/airevac.htm http://www.jrsa.org/events/conference/presentations-09/Lynn_Langton.pdf http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/aullea07.pdf http://www.kansas.com/2010/08/01/1427779/aviation-sees-growth-in-law-enforcement.html

Proposed Bullying Study Essay -- Teacher Techniques, Individual Counse

Bullying and victimization in United States schools has just recently begun to be studied(Milsom & Gallo, 2006). Many schools realizing the impact that bullying has on children are quick advocate anti-bullying programs and punish bullies, however victims of bullies are usally given no emotional support. Research on bullying reveals that there are both immediate and future consequences for the targets of bullying (Gottheil and Dubow, 2001). Students are more likely to suffer from academic problems, absenteeism, loneliness and loss of friends especially when the bullying behavior is severe and prolonged (Robert & Coursol, 1996). Children who are targets of aggression are also more likely to be depressed and develop low self-esteem (Gottheil and Dubow, 2001). There are several important emotional and social areas of concern that should be addressed with victims of bullying which will be the goals of this group. Many bullying victims have lowered self-esteem and self-concept – this will be the primary focus on this group. Research has shown that building self-esteem in a child is a key factor in bullying prevention (Fried & Fried, 1996). Interventions that are aimed at increasing student’s self-esteem help students identify and value areas of competence, provide emotional support to students who may mot receive much from home, help children succeed by teaching them real skills that they can use and help them cope by facing their problems (Harter, 1999). Sub-topics that are related to the teaching of higher self-esteem that will be addressed include the teaching of assertiveness, other social skills and coping skills. Assertiveness training will be done to help students develop confidence in the abilities to respond assertiv... ...n Higher Educaiton. Kaiser, B., & Rasminsky, J. S. (2003). Challenging behavior in young children: Understanding, preventing, and responding effectively. Boston: Pearson. Milsom, A. & Gallo, L. L. (2006). Bullying in Middle Schools: Prevention and Intervention. Middle School Journal, 12-19. Roberts, W. B. Jr., & Coursol, D. H. (1996). Strategies for intervention with childhood and adolescent victims of bullying, teasing, and intimidation in school settings. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 30, 204-213. Sullivan, K. (2000). The Anti-Bullying Handbook. New York: Oxford University Press. Fried, S. & Fried, S. (1996). Bullies and victims: Helping Your Child Survives the Schoolyard Battlefield. New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of self. In J.W. Santrock, Life-Span Development. NY:McGraw Hill.

H2 HISTORY A LEVELS PAST YEAR QUESTIONS Essay

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS PAPER 2: Southeast Asian History (9731/02) Section A: Source-Based Questions - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] [2008] [2009] [2010] [2011] [2012] Success and failure of ASEAN in the early years ASEAN and the Financial Crisis of 1997 The formation of ASEAN Vietnam’s membership of ASEAN ASEAN’s strengths and weaknesses Reasons for the formation of ASEAN Section B: Essay Questions 1. How Independence Was Achieved 1A. Pre-War Nationalism - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] ‘Before 1941, little had been achieved by nationalist movements across SEA.’ Discuss. Achievements of nationalists [2008] ’Ideology was more important than religion and culture for the growth of nationalist movements in the period before WWII.’ How far do you agree? Reasons for nationalism [2009] Assess the view that the rise of nationalist movements, before, WWII, was a reaction by the governed to economic exploitation. Reasons for nationalism [2010] How effectively did colonial governments deal with the challenge of nationalist movements in Southeast Asia in the period before WWII? Colonial strategies [2011] Assess the progress made by SEA nationalist movements in the period prior to WWII. Achievements of nationalists [2012] ‘The measures taken by colonial governments in SEA before WWII merely postponed the eventual success of nationalist movements.’ How far do you agree? Colonial strategies 1B. Japanese Occupation/ Post-War Nationalism - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] Did the USA help or hinder the cause of nationalist movements in SEA in the period following WWII? International support for decolonisation [2008] How far was the process of decolonization affected by the Cold War? International circumstances for decolonisation [2009] To what extent was the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, during WWII, the turning point in the development of nationalist movements? Jap Occ as turning point – helped/ hindered nationalists? icedvovos Page 1 26/11/12 - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2010] Which method was the most effective in the struggle for independence in the years from 1945: collaboration or resistance? Decolonisation strategies [2011] ‘Nationalist movements in SEA had high quality leadership.’ How far does this explain the end of colonial rule? Role of nationalists in decolonization (mass support, allaying fears, military leadership) [2012] Assess the view that resistance to the Japanese Occupation had the greatest impact on the nationalist movements in SEA. Resistance vs. collaboration 2. Challenges To Independent SEA States 2A. Political Structures - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] How successful were attempts to establish democracy in the newly independent states of Southeast Asia? Success of democratic governments [2008] ‘Democratic government is not suited to Southeast Asia.’ Discuss with reference to the newly independent states of Southeast Asia. Success/ failure of democratic governments [2009] How significant was the Communist influence on the politics of Southeast Asian states since independence? Influence of communism [2011] How democratic have Southeast Asian governments been since independence? Measures of democracy [2012] Why have levels of military intervention in politics been higher in some states than others in SEA since independence? Reasons for military intervention 2B. Economic Development - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] Assess the causes of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Causes of AFC [2010] To what extent was the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 the result of economic mismanagement by Southeast Asian states? Causes of AFC [2011] How effective has the role of governments been in promoting economic development in independent Southeast Asian states? Effectiveness of government economic strategy [2012] To what extent was the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 the result of currency speculation? Causes of AFC 2C. National Unity - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2008] Assess the view that education was more important than language and religion in helping to create a national identity in newly independent states. Education vs. language and religion [2009] Assess the view that the policies of newly independent states towards minorities have been a major cause of political instability. Effects of minority policies icedvovos Page 2 26/11/12 - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2010] Assess the view that language and religion were more important than multiculturalism in creating national unity in independent Southeast Asian states. Language and religion vs. multiculturalism 3. Regional Conflicts And Cooperation 3A. Inter-state Tensions - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  [2007] How successful have Southeast Asian nations been in resolving tensions that have arisen between them? Resolution [2008] ‘Ideology has been the main cause of interstate tensions in Southeast Asia.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Causes [2009] How effectively have newly independent states in Southeast Asia dealt with territorial disputes between them? Resolution [2010] ‘Interstate tensions led to greater unity between independent Southeast Asian states in regional cooperation and security.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Consequences [2011] ‘The most serious causes of interstate tensions in Southeast Asia have been racial and religious in nature.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Causes [2012] How important have territorial disputes been in causing inter-state tensions between SEA states since independence? Causes Untested Areas - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Pre-War Nationalism: Aims of early nationalist movements, nature of movements - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Political Structures: Failure of communism - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Economic Development: Economic challenges encountered and strategies adopted, role of different communities - ­Ã¢â‚¬  National Unity: National symbols, ideology - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Inter-state: Cold War, economic, historical factors icedvovos Page 3 26/11/12

A Strategic Analysis of GE Healthcare Essay

GE Healthcare is a unit of the wider General Electric Company. It has a global orientation, employing more than 46, 000 staff committed to serving healthcare professionals and patients in over 100 countries. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom (UK)-the first GE business segment outside the United States. It has a turnover of approximately $ 17 billion. The headquarters hosts GE healthcare corporate offices as well as finance, sales, global sourcing departments, X-Ray marketing, manufacturing, design and shipping. The finance and sales departments at the headquarters handle GE Healthcare’s high level decisions, but each modality often has its own similar departments. The global sourcing department handles all purchasing for the firm. GE Healthcare provides a variety of products services namely Technologies in medical imaging, diagnostics in medicine, systems for monitoring patients, solutions for improving performance, discovering drugs, and technologies to manufacture bi opharmaceuticals. It also provides X-Ray products which include; radiography, fluoroscopy, vascular, cardiology, and the Mobile C-Arm machine. At present, GE Healthcare has six major business units; Global Diagnostic Imaging Unit: with its headquarters in the US, its business includes; digital mammography, X-ray services, Magnetic Resonance, Computed Tomography and technologies in Molecular Imaging. Integrated IT Solutions (IITS). Also headquartered in Barrington USA, IITS offers solutions in clinical and monetary information technologies, such as IT Products and service for departments, systems for picture Archiving and Communications, Information System solutions in Radiology and Cardiovascular in addition to practices and systems for managing revenue cycles. Medical Diagnostics Business Unit. This is headquartered in USA and its business includes; Researches in Medical Diagnostics, manufacturing and marketing imaging agents used in medical scanning techniques to view human body organs and tissues. Clinical Systems Unit. Also Headquartered in the US, this business offers a variety of healthcare services and technological solutions for medical officers and managers of healthcare systems. These include; Ultrasound, technologies for monitoring patients, bone densitometry, incubators, respiratory care and management of anesthesia. GE Healthcare Life Sciences Unit. This is headquartered in Sweden. It produces technologies for discovering drugs, biopharmaceutical manufacturing and cellular technologies. This division also manufactures equipment for the purifying biopharmaceuticals. GE Healthcare Surgery Business Unit. This division offers equipment and technologies for surgical care interventions, cardiac, systems and technologies for diagnostic monitoring, systems and data management technologies, to systems for mobile fluoroscopic imaging, instrumentations on 3D visual systems and navigation. Its headquarters are in Utah, USA, GE Healthcare has offices in different parts of the world. It also has primary regional operation centers in Paris, Japan, and India. (GE Healthcare Website; Retrieved December 2010) Business Strategy and Organizational Structure Analysis The world business environment is constantly changing, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This calls for competitive strategies in order to remain competitive. This section evaluates the opportunities and challenges presented by GE Healthcare organizational structure. In the Financial Year (FY) ending December 2007, the company recorded revenues of $16, 997 million; an increase of 2.7% over 2006. The operating profit was $3,056 million in 2007; drop of 2.7% from 2006. This GE business unit recorded revenues of $16,015 million, during the Financial Year (FY) ended December 2009. This reflected a decrease of 7.9% over FY 2008. The operating profit for the FY ended December 2009 was $2,240 million a decrease of 15.1% over FY 2008. Analysts attribute to both the complex internal and external environments of the company. I evaluate this argument by undertaking a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the company and integrating it to the Porters Fiv e Forces Model. Internal Analysis GE healthcare is one of the best firms in leadership development. The firm’s Human Resources Department is keen in developing a strong workforce that responds to changing global needs. It employs strategically employs and motivates the best qualified talents globally. It invests more than $100 million annually on educational training and staff development. The GE Healthcare Institute provides advanced training for GEHC employees and customers. It combines Technical training, Applications and Leadership trainings. More than 70 laboratories with the latest equipment provide GE and customers world class instruction in all areas of equipment maintenance and operation. The Training in Partnership curriculum provides a full range of training programs. GE managers are considered one of the firm’s distinctive competencies and strengths. The challenge is maintaining employee motivation through better remuneration in a time of global economic meltdown and declining profits for the firm. GE Healthcare is capable of changing and constantly re-inventing itself to deal with changing business needs. Setting new standards for management, organizational design, Research and Development has been the pillar of the firm. This is evidenced by the establishment of the six distinctive business units stated above. Exploiting the resources that the firm has, this competency can be meant un-substitutable. The firm is continually innovating to develop solutions to customer changing needs. As Jeffrey Immelt stated, the firms’ employees â€Å"have an ability to live in the moment†. This quality is rare and not easily imitated. This organizational culture ensures that employees continue with innovation and development of new ideas. The firm has a global orientation, with production facilities outside the US and UK, a wider customer base, a superior brand, sales, marketing, IT and Production departments within every modality. This ensures efficiency of service within each business unit. To ensure financial accountability in outsourcing and procurement, decisions regarding this are handled by offices at the headquarters. GE Healthcare operates within the Rubric of the well known and established General Electric; this promotes sharing of management knowledge and experiences. General Electric is a well known Brand with a global touch. This strong internal structure has been at the core of the firm’s success. However Organizations function as systems, they interact and respond to the surrounding environment (Barnard 1938). This calls for an external analysis of this firm. External Analysis Competitor Analysis Analysts argue that competitors can ensure that similar firms remain productive. Though this can be healthy for consumers, small competitors and substitute product can drive giants out of the market. Siemens AG competes against GE group in communications, power, transportation, medical, and lighting industries. Siemens and HE Healthcare are most competitive in the healthcare industry. Siemens Medical Solutions happens to be largest supplier of healthcare equipment globally. Siemens AG is distinctive in its innovativeness and provision of complete solutions to its customers. Siemens is actually larger, with close to 440,000 employees, 70,000 of which are located in the U.S. Despite the fact that GE Healthcare outdoes Siemens AG in healthcare ($9.4 billion) and energy ($15.3 billion) it is a competitor that cannot be ignored. Both operate at virtually global scale. Other competitors include FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc. Hitachi Medical Corporation Nihon Kohden Corporation Schiller AG TOSHIBA Medical Systems Corporation Philips Healthcare Philips Respironics, Inc. Industry Analysis General Electric’s firms including the Healthcare unit have been analyzed using porters five forces model to determine which industry is more attractive. GE Healthcare industry is challenged by competitors and new market entrants. Consumers constantly demand low prices at a high quality leading to intensive bargaining. Retailers have to bargain with suppliers to fix the prices of their products. The GE retail industry also faces the threat of substitute products. For more on the competency strategy, SWOT analysis an the forces model see Appendix 1 and 2. Recommendations GE Healthcare already has a global orientation, large customer base. The success of GE Healthcare lies at how best it chooses its business focus. There is need to focus on a specific market niche. Too much diversification and provision of a wide variety of products may be a step forward but it can also become a mechanism for reversal. Much diversification can lead to lose of business focus. It is evident that new technology and the creation of a global virtual market offer an opportunity for the firm to grow its business. African and some Asian markets are still virgins to the firm. There is need to identify and exploit this business markets. Where favorable, establish production facilities. Advertising and strategic marketing remains a superior option to strengthen the firm’s brand identity. With increasing human rights concerns and demands for accountability, there is need for education and corporate social responsibility, as consumers are becoming more sensitive to scientific information. Nevertheless challenges of environmental accountability abound and cannot be ignored. Works Cited Barnard, C.I. The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938. Print. Barnard, C.I. Organization and Management: Selected Papers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1948. Print. Brady, Diane. GE: When Execs Outperform the Stock. Business Week 17 Apr. 2006. Goel Sanjay et al .General Electric: Strategic Management.